Neurofeedback Treatment Process

Neurofeedback has number of components, including: the electroencephalogram (EEG), operant conditioning and a computer system.

The EEG measures the tiny electrical traces of the neurons of the cortex of the brain. An amplifier is used to boost these signals so that they can be fed into a computer system. Certain brainwave frequencies are associated with distinct mental states. For example, concentration produces an increase in brainwave activity in the frontal lobes in a frequency range known as "low beta" or "SMR." Persons with ADHD, conversely, tend to have a higher than normal level of slow wave activity instead, such as delta or theta.

Operant conditioning is a process of increasing desired behaviors by rewarding their occurence. In EEG biofeedback, or neurofeedback, the desired behavior is an increase in certain types of brainwave activity. This activity is measured via the EEG and fed into a computer program where the therapist can determine what types of activity should be rewarded. The reward is then presented in the form of a computer game. When the person produces the desired brainwave activity, the game proceeds accordingly. After a number of training sessions, the new brainwave behavior is usually well established.

There is variability in the progress of treatment based on a number of issues. Some people seem to be naturally more adept at training than others. It is necessary, for example, to sit in the chair and focus on the computer screen. Hyperactive persons find this difficult at first. I recruit parents or other family members to assist the client in making the most of treatment sessions. Every brain is different, and it may take a number of sessions to fine-tune the treatment protocols. Furthermore, different types of conditions respond differently to neurofeedback. Sometimes the results are dramatic and swift; other times, progress is slow. Optimum progress ususally requires at least two sessions per week. It is a challenge for some clients to settle into a consistent routine. Finally, there are many other external factors that influence treatment progress. For example, if a child lives in a stressful and conflictual family environment, the outcome of treatment will likely be less than optimal. In such cases, counseling and/or family therapy is also recommended. It is best, in most cases, to view neurofeedback as one component in a multi-disciplinary approach. Neurofeedback, for instance, can improve a person's ability to control their emotions, but doesn't necessary improve a persons ability to utilize those improved skills in relationships. Counseling. tutoring or coaching may be required to achieve optimal results.